{"product_id":"construction-law-an-introduction-for-engineers-architects-and-contractors","title":"Construction Law: An Introduction for Engineers, Architects, and Contractors","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" class=\"celwidget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-asin=\"1894020928\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-id=\"dpt3t1-2t2uxg-b649pi-d9hvdo\" data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"140\" class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"bookDescriptionBox\" itemprop=\"reviewBody\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"bookDescriptionBox\" itemprop=\"reviewBody\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-id=\"5zklon-bw1u6k-z3892-tavvr7\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-asin=\"3764370327\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" class=\"celwidget\" id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"140\" data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-id=\"sg190u-1rtisr-p8f0cr-6wwolk\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-asin=\"007041999X\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" class=\"celwidget\" id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"140\" data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"bookDescriptionBox\" itemprop=\"reviewBody\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-expanded=\"true\" class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content a-expander-content-expanded\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"page-section product-long-description\" id=\"description-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA clear, concise introduction to construction law for professionals\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eConstruction Law: An Introduction for Engineers, Architects, and Contractors\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoffers a comprehensive review of the U.S. legal environment, focusing on the legal concepts and issues applicable to the design and construction industries. Topics covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic legal principles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProject participants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProject delivery systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstruction contracts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe design process\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProcurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePricing construction projects\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubcontractors and suppliers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTime for performance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstruction scheduling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContract administration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe payment process\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanges to the work\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiffering site conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTermination of the construction contract\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMechanic's liens\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstruction insurance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurety bonds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiability for defective construction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalculations of damages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Economic Loss Doctrine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlternative dispute resolution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book serves as an excellent introduction to construction law for students as well as professionals in the construction industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"page-section section-author-wr\" id=\"author-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section-content section-author\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"section-title collapsed\" data-target=\"#author-section-item\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\u003eABOUT THE AUTHOR\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collapse\" id=\"author-section-item\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGAIL S. KELLEY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a Professional Engineer and LEED Accredited Professional as well as a licensed attorney in Maryland and the District of Columbia. Gail has an extensive background in design and construction having worked in construction management, structural design, and structural evaluation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-permissions\" id=\"permission-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"section-title collapsed\" data-target=\"#permission-section-item\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collapse\" id=\"permission-section-item\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"page-section\" id=\"content-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section-content\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"section-title collapsed\" data-target=\"#content-section-item\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\u003eTABLE OF CONTENTS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collapse\" id=\"content-section-item\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Law and Government 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1.1 The Powers of Governments 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1.2 City and County Governments 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1.3 The Powers of the Federal Government 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2 The Sources and Hierarchy of Law 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The Constitution 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Statutes and Ordinances 3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Agency Regulations 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2.4 International Treaties 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Appellate Court Opinions 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3 The American Judicial System 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Structure of the Court Systems 5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Federal Trial and Appeals Courts 5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3.3 State Trial and Appeals Courts 6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. 4 Common Law 6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Stare Decisis 7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Restatements of the Law 7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5 Legal Codes 8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Uniform Codes 8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5.2 The Uniform Commercial Code 9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.6 Legal Doctrines 9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7 Choice-of-Law Clauses 10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.8 Criminal Law versus Civil Law 11\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.9 Cause of Action 11\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.10 Summary Judgment 12\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Basic Legal Principles 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.1 Legal Issues in Construction 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Principles of Contract Law 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Unilateral Contracts versus Bilateral Contracts 16\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Oral Contracts 16\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Third-Party Beneficiaries 17\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Contract Interpretation 17\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Principles of Agency Law 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Apparent Authority 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3.2 The Principal’s Liability for the Agent’s Acts 22\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Ratification 22\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Principles of Tort Law 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Intentional Torts 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Unintentional Torts (Negligence) 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Strict Liability 27\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Misrepresentation 28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Project Participants 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1 The Owner 29\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Access to the Building Site 30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Restrictions on Use of the Property 31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 The Design Professional Team 31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Site Evaluation Consultants 32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2.2 The Geotechnical Consultant 33\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3 The Construction Team 33\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Subcontractors and Suppliers 34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4 Construction Lenders 34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Collateral Assignment to Lender 35\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Other Lender Requirements 35\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Construction Loans 36\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Bond Financing 37\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Project Delivery Systems 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.1 Design-Bid-Build 39\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.2 Multiple Primes 41\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3 Construction Management 41\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Agency Construction Management 42\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Construction Management At-Risk (CMAR) 42\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.4 Design-Build 43\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Design-Build Proposals 44\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Build 45\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Bridging Consultants 46\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5 Engineer-Procure-Construct (EPC) 46\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.6 Turnkey Construction 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.7 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.8 Fast-Track Construction 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.9 Public-Private Partnerships 48\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.9.1 History of Public-Private Partnerships 49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Constraints on Public-Private Partnerships 49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Construction Contracts 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.1 The Construction Contract 51\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Prebid Conferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Right to Reject Bids 52\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.2 The Contract Documents (Owner-Contractor) 52\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.2.1 The Contractor’s Bid 53\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.3 Conflicts between the Documents 54\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.4 Errors in the Documents 54\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Latent Discrepancies 55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.5 Specific over General; Written over Printed 56\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.6 Interpretation against Drafter 56\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.7 Specifications 57\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.8 Description of the Work under a Construction Contract 57\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.9 Third-Party Beneficiaries 58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10 Industry Standard Forms versus Custom Forms 58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.1 Drafting Custom Forms 59\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.2 AIA Contract Documents 60\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.3 Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee (EJCDC) 62\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.4 Consensus DOCS 63\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.5 Comparing the AIA, EJCDC, and Consensus DOCS  Documents 64\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.6 AGC Forms 65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.10.7 Other Industry Standard Forms 65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.11 Commencement of Work Prior to Contract 65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Letters of Intent 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Design Process 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.1 Design Responsibilities 67\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Contractor’s Responsibility for Design 67\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Value Engineering 68\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.2 The Owner’s Program 68\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3 The Design Agreement (Owner-A\/E) 68\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Schematic Design Phase 69\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Design Development Phase 69\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Construction Documents Phase 69\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Bidding or Negotiation Phase Services 70\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Construction Phase Services 70\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Basic Services versus Additional Services 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3.7 The A\/E’s Compensation 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4 Standard of Care Applicable to Design Services 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Contractual Standard of Care 72\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Proving Violation of the Standard of Care 73\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Implied Warranties 73\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Designing to the Owner’s Budget 74\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4.5 The A\/E’s Liability for its Estimate 74\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.5 Ownership of the Design Documents 75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Use of the Plans and Specifications 75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.6 Termination of the Design Agreement 76\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Procurement Process 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1 Selection of Contractors for Public Projects 77\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.1 The Bid Package 78\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Duty to Award to the Lowest Bidder 78\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Bid Responsiveness 78\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Responsible Bidder 79\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Bid Protests 80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.6 Bid Security 81\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1.7 “Best Value” Awards 81\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.2 Selection of Design Professionals 82\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.3 Alternatives to Design-Bid-Build in the Public Sector 83\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Design-Build Construction in the Public Sector 83\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.4 The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) 84\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.5 Procurement on Private Projects 85\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Pricing Construction Projects 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1 Fixed-Price Contracts 87\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Fundamental Characteristic of a Fixed-Price Contract 87\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Allowances 88\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Material Price Escalation Clauses 88\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Index Pricing 89\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2 Cost-Plus Contracts 89\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Labor 90\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Subcontracted Work 90\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Heavy Equipment 91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Small Tool Allowance 91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Reasonableness or Necessity of Costs Incurred 91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.6 Contractor’s Overhead and Profit 92\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.7 Estimates and Cost-Plus Contracts 92\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.8 Timely Payment Discounts 93\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2.9 Audit Rights 93\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.3 Cost-Plus with Guaranteed Maximum Price 93\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.4 Unit-Price Contracts 94\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Variation in Estimated Quantities (VEQ) Clauses 94\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.5 Unbalanced Bidding 95\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.6 Bidding When the Design Is Incomplete 96\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Subcontractors and Suppliers 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.1 Subcontractors versus Suppliers 97\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.2 Owner’s Control over Subcontractor Selection 98\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.3 Subcontractor Bids 98\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Enforcing a Subcontractor’s Bid 99\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.3.2 The Subcontractor’s Right to Enforce Its Bid 100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.4 Incorporation by Reference 100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.5 Flow-down and Flow-up Provisions 101\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Rights and Liabilities of the Parties under Flow-down  Provisions 101\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.6 Duty to Cooperate and Coordinate Subcontract Work 102\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Limiting the Liability for Coordination 102\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Coordination of Multiple Primes 103\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.7 Subcontractor Payment 103\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.7.1 “Pay-If-Paid” versus “Pay-When-Paid” 104\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.8 Subcontractor Claims against the Owner 105\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.8.1 The Pass-through System 106\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Liquidating Agreements 106\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.9 Conditional Assignment of the Subcontracts to the Owner 107\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.10 Minority and Disadvantaged Business Programs 108\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.10.1 Federal Minority and Disadvantaged Business Programs 109\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.10.2 Agency DBE Programs 111\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Time for Performance 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.1 Time Is of the Essence 113\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Time-Is-of-the-Essence Clauses in Construction Contracts 114\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.2 Date of Commencement\/Time for Completion 114\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Delays in Commencement of the Work 115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Waiver of Time for Completion 115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.3 Substantial Completion 116\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The Significance of Substantial Completion 116\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Establishing Substantial Completion 117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.4 Final Completion\/Final Payment 117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Acceptance of Defective Work 118\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.5 Delays 119\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Determining Whether a Delay Was within a Party’s Control 120\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Delays Due to Weather 121\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Concurrent Delays 122\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.6 Liquidated Damages 122\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.7 Constructive Acceleration 124\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.8 Right to Finish Early 124\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.9 Milestones 125\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Construction Scheduling 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.1 Bar Charts 127\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2 Critical Path Scheduling 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Activity Logic 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Arrow Diagramming 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Precedence Diagramming 129\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.4 As-Planned (Baseline) Schedule 129\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Float 130\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Critical Path 130\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Multiple Calendars 131\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.3 Scheduling Specifications 131\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.4 Schedule Updates 132\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.5 Resource Leveling 132\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6 CPM-Based Methods for Proof of Delay Claims 133\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Total Time Analysis 133\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Impacted As-Planned (“What-If”) 134\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6.3 Collapsed As-Built (“But For”) 134\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6.4 As-Planned versus As-Built 134\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6.5 Windows Analysis 135\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.7 Expert Witness Testimony 135\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.8 Using CPM to Estimate Extensions of Time 136\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.9 Using Bar Charts to Prove Delay Claims 137\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Contract Administration 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.1 The A\/E’s Role in Contract Administration 139\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2 A\/E’s Liability for Contract Administration 140\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Approval of Shop Drawings and Other Submittals 140\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Site Visits and Inspections 141\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.3 AIA B101 Provisions 142\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.4 The Right to Stop Work 142\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Approval of Progress Payments 143\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Responding to Change Order Requests 144\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2.7 Requests for Information, Interpretations, and Clarifications 144\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.3 A\/E’s Role in Contractor Termination 144\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.4 Initial Decision Maker (IDM) 145\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Payment Process 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.1 Progress Payments 147\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.1.1 Schedule of Values 147\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.1.2 The Application for Payment 148\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.1.3 Certification of Payment 148\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.2 Retainage 149\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Payment of Subcontractor’s Retainage 150\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Claims on Retainage 150\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.3 Accord and Satisfaction 150\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Payment of an Accord by Check 151\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.4 Joint Checks 152\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Joint Payee versus Alternative Payee 152\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.5 Title Insurance 152\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.6 Obligations of the Lender 153\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.7 Evidence of Financing 153\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.8 Prompt Payment Acts 154\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.8.1 The Progress Payment Request 154\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.8.2 Payment on Subcontracts 154\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.9 The Owner’s Payment Obligation on Private Construction 155\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.10 The False Claims Act 155\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.10.1 Liability for False Claims 156\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.10.2 Prosecution of False Claims 156\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.10.3 State False Claims Act 157\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Changes to the Work 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.1 Contract Changes 159\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Construction Change Directives 160\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.2 Pricing Change Orders 160\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Determination of Price by a Third Party 161\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Schedule Adjustments 161\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3 Constructive Changes 161\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Owner’s Direction or Improper Rejection of Work 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Notice Requirements for a Constructive Change 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Waiver of Notice Requirement 163\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Extra Work versus Additional Work 163\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.4 Federal Government Contracts 163\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Equitable Adjustments 164\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Escrow of Bid Documents 164\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.5 Authority to Issue Changes 165\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Apparent Authority and Ratification 165\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.6 Duty to Perform the Changed Work 166\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.7 Reservation of Rights 166\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.8 Changes Clauses in Subcontracts 168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.9 Documentation of Costs 168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.10 Cardinal Changes 169\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.10.1 The Contractor’s Options 169\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Differing Site Conditions 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.1 The Purpose of the Differing Site Conditions Clause 171\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.2 Differing Site Conditions Claims 172\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Type I—Conditions Materially Different Than Indicated 172\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Type II—Conditions of an Unusual Nature 173\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3 Limitations on Claims for Differing Site Conditions 174\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Duty to Make a Site Inspection\/Duty to Investigate 175\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Disclaimers 175\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Notice 177\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Waiver of Claims 177\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.4 Variations in Estimated Quantities Clause 177\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.5 Geotechnical Baseline Summary Report 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.6 Hazardous Materials 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7 Tort and Breach-of-Contract Actions 178\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7.1 Misrepresentation (Intentional or Negligent) 179\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7.2 Owner’s Breach of Implied Warranty of Plans and Specs 179\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7.3 Failure to Disclose Superior Knowledge 179\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7.4 Mutual Mistake 180\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Termination of the Construction Contract 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.1 Unilateral Termination 181\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.2 Contractual Termination Provisions 182\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.3 Termination by the Contractor for Cause 182\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.4 Termination by the Owner for Cause 183\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Notice and Opportunity to Cure 183\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.5 Wrongful Termination 184\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.6 The Role of the Performance Bond Surety 185\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.7 Termination for Convenience 186\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Mechanic’s Liens 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.1 Purpose of a Mechanic’s Lien 187\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.2 Procedures for Filing a Lien 188\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.3 Lien Entitlement 188\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Liens for Services 189\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Liens for Materials 189\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.4 Enforcement of the Lien 190\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Priorities 190\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Bonding Off 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.5 Interests Subject to a Lien 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.5.1 Subcontractor and Supplier Claims 192\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Amount of the Lien 192\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.6 Lien Waivers 193\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.6.1 No-Lien Contracts 194\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.7 Rights of Owners and Third Parties 194\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.8 The Effect of Bankruptcy on a Mechanic’s Lien 194\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.9 Trust Fund Statutes 195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.10 Stop Notices 195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.11 Liens on Public Property 195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Construction Insurance 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.1 Types of Insurance 197\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.2 Commercial General Liability 198\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Bodily Injury and Property Damage 198\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Exclusions to Coverage 199\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Additional Insured Status 200\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.3 Builder’s Risk Insurance 200\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.4 Workers’ Compensation Insurance 201\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.5 Professional Liability Insurance 201\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.6 Wrap-up Insurance Programs 202\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.7 Waiver of Subrogation 202\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Surety Bonds 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1 Use of Surety Bonds in the Construction Industry 205\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1.1 Bid Guarantees 206\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1.2 Payment Bonds 206\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1.3 Performance Bonds 208\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.2 Rights and Remedies of Sureties 208\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Indemnity Agreements 209\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Discharge of the Surety’s Obligations 209\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.3 Bonding Requirements 210\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Liability for Defective Construction 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.1 Determining Liability 211\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.2 Owner Claims against the Contractor 212\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Warranties 212\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Notice Requirements 213\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.2.3 Tort Claims 213\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.3 The Spearin Doctrine 214\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Application of the Spearin Doctrine 214\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Limitations on Spearin 215\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.4 The A\/E’s Liability for Defective Construction 216\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.5 Affirmative Defenses 217\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.5.1 Statutes of Limitation 217\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.5.2 Statutes of Repose 218\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Calculations of Damages 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.1 Compensatory Damages 221\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.1.1 Consequential Damages 222\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.2 Punitive Damages 222\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.3 Duty to Mitigate Damages 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4 Owner’s Damages 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4.1 Owner’s Damages for Late Completion 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4.2 Economic Waste 224\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4.3 Betterment 224\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.5 Contractor’s Damages 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.5.1 Equipment Costs 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.5.2 Home Offi ce Overhead 227\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.5.3 Cost Increases for Labor and Materials 228\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.5.4 Methods of Estimating Loss of Productivity 228\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.6 Limitation of Liability 230\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.6.1 Exculpatory Clauses 230\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.6.2 Indemnification Agreements 231\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.6.3 Limitation-of-Liability Clauses 232\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.6.4 Waiver of Consequential Damages 233\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.7 Specific Performance 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.8 Tort Claims 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.9 Recovery of Damages in the Absence of an Express Contract 235\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.9.1 Reliance Interest—Promissory Estoppel 235\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.9.2 Implied-in-Fact Contracts—Quantum Meruit 236\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.9.3 Restitution Interest—Unjust Enrichment 236\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.9.4 Quantum Meruit versus Unjust Enrichment 237\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 The Economic Loss Doctrine 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1 Tort versus Contract Law 239\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.1 Definition of Economic Loss 240\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.2 Development of the Economic Loss Doctrine 240\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.3 Basis for the Doctrine 241\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.4 Public Policy Considerations 241\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.5 Strict Application of the Doctrine 242\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.1.6 Exceptions to the Economic Loss Doctrine 242\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.2 Claims of Defective Construction Products 243\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.2.1 Damage to Other Property 244\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.3 Claims of Defective Construction Services 244\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.3.1 Claims of Defective Design Professional Services 245\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.4 Potentially Dangerous Products (Risk of Harm Exception) 246\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.5 Negligent Misrepresentation 247\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.5.1 Negligent Misrepresentation Claimants 247\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.5.2 Tort versus Contract Claims for Negligent   Misrepresentation 248\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Alternative Dispute Resolution 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1 Arbitration 249\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.1 Arbitration Clauses 250\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.2 Arbitration Statutes 250\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.3 Arbitration Organization Rules 251\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.4 Prehearing Activities 251\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.5 Selection of Arbitrators 252\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.6 The Arbitration Hearing 252\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.7 The Award 252\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.8 Appealing the Award 253\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.9 Costs of Arbitration 254\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.10 Typical Schedule for Arbitration 254\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.11 Joinder and Consolidation 254\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.12 Waiver of Arbitration Rights 255\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.1.13 Effect of Arbitration on the Surety 256\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.2 Litigation versus Arbitration 256\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.3 Mediation 257\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.4 Other Types of Alternative Dispute Resolution 258\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.4.1 Med\/Arb 258\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.4.2 Mini-Trial and Summary Proceedings 258\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.4.3 Dispute Resolution Boards 259\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.4.4 Standing Neutrals 260\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.5 Dispute Prevention 260\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix A: List of Abbreviations 261\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Table of Cases 265\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Understanding Case Citations 267\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlossary 271\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex 279\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -19px; top: 726.479px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"ebooklok","offers":[{"title":"PDF","offer_id":56753777639755,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1031\/1204\/8971\/files\/NatureTravelYoutubeVideoIntro_1000x1000px_21.png?v=1773058849","url":"https:\/\/bookread.io\/products\/construction-law-an-introduction-for-engineers-architects-and-contractors","provider":"bookread","version":"1.0","type":"link"}