{"product_id":"how-to-read-a-paper-the-basics-of-evidence-based-healthcare","title":"How to Read a Paper: the Basics of Evidence-Based Healthcare","description":"\u003cdiv data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-id=\"7y9w7h-rgk3d4-2xixgp-6jetc1\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-asin=\"0993745598\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" class=\"celwidget\" id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"280\" data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" class=\"celwidget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-asin=\"1975136373\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-id=\"3xu427-hdulpm-xey1d9-kajk0v\" data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"280\" class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-bold\"\u003eLearn to assess published research in this best-selling introduction to evidence-based healthcare\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEvidence-based practices have revolutionized medical care. Clinical and scientific papers have something to offer practitioners at every level of the profession, from students to established clinicians in medicine, nursing and allied professions. Novices are often intimidated by the idea of reading and appraising the research literature. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eHow to Read a Paper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e demystifies this process with a thorough, engaging introduction to how clinical research papers are constructed and how to evaluate them. Now fully updated to incorporate new areas of research, readers of the seventh edition of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eHow to Read a Paper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e will also find:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"a-unordered-list a-vertical\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA careful balance between the principles of evidence-based healthcare and clinical practice\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNew chapters covering consensus methods, mechanistic evidence, big data and artificial intelligence\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDetailed coverage of subjects like assessing methodological quality, systemic reviews and meta-analyses, qualitative research, and more.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eHow to Read a Paper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is ideal for all healthcare students and professionals seeking an accessible introduction to evidence-based healthcare – particularly those sitting undergraduate and postgraduate exams and preparing for interviews.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"aboutauthors-section\" id=\"aboutauthors-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content collapsed\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrisha Greenhalgh\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a general practitioner and Professor of Primary Care Health Sciences and Fellow of Green Templeton College at the University of Oxford.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaul Dijkstra\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis a sport and exercise medicine physician and Director of Medical Education at Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in Doha, Qatar. He has an academic affiliation with the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences at the University of Oxford.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"permissions-section\" id=\"permissions-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content collapsed\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"permissions-content\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"permissions-content\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"tableofcontents-section\" id=\"tableofcontents-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content collapsed\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eForeword to the first edition by Professor Sir David Weatherall xii\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface to the seventh edition xiv\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface to the first edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Why read papers at all? 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDoes ‘evidence- based medicine’ simply mean ‘reading papers in medical journals’? 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhy do people sometimes groan when you mention evidence- based healthcare? 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore you start: formulate the problem 11\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 13\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Searching the literature 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information jungle 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are you looking for? 16\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLevels upon levels of evidence 17\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSynthesised sources: systems, summaries and syntheses 18\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-appraised sources: synopses of systematic reviews and primary studies 21\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialised resources 22\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary studies: tackling the jungle 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-stop shopping: federated search engines 25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing artificial intelligence to search the literature 25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAsking for help and asking around 26\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnline tutorials for effective searching 26\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 27\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Getting your bearings: what is this paper about? 30\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe science of ‘trashing’ papers 30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree preliminary questions to get your bearings 32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are randomised controlled trials and why do they matter? 34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are cohort studies? 38\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are case–control studies? 40\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are cross-sectional surveys? 40\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are case reports? 41\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe traditional hierarchy of evidence 42\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 43\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 43\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Assessing methodological quality 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWas the study original? 45\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWho is the study about? 46\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWas the design of the study sensible? 47\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWas bias avoided or minimised? 49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWas assessment ‘blind’? 54\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWere preliminary statistical questions addressed? 55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA note on ethical considerations 58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSumming up 59\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 60\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Statistics for the non-statistician 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow can non-statisticians evaluate statistical tests? 63\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHave the authors set the scene correctly? 65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaired data, tails and outliers 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrelation, regression and causation 72\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProbability and confidence 74\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bottom line (quantifying the chance of benefit and harm) 77\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSummary 79\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 79\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Papers that report clinical trials of simple interventions 82\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is a clinical trial? 82\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDrug trials: ‘evidence’ and marketing 83\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaking decisions about therapy 86\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurrogate endpoints 87\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat information to expect in a paper describing a randomised controlled trial: the CONSORT statement 91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGetting worthwhile evidence from pharmaceutical representatives 91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA note on vaccine trials 94\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 95\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 95\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Papers that report trials of complex interventions 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComplex interventions 99\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper describing a complex intervention 101\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 106\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 107\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen suspects in the dock 109\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValidating diagnostic tests against a gold standard 110\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper that claims to validate a diagnostic or screening test 115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLikelihood ratios 119\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinical prediction models 122\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 124\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen is a review systematic? 128\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvaluating systematic reviews: five questions to ask 131\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeta-analysis for the non-statistician 137\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplaining heterogeneity 142\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNew approaches to systematic review 145\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 146\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Papers that advise you what to do (guidelines) 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe great guidelines debate 151\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a clinical guideline 155\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Papers that estimate what things cost (health economic evaluations) 164\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is an economic evaluation? 164\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealth economics studies: two key approaches 166\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCosts and benefits of health interventions 167\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeasuring the value of health states 168\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuality-adjusted life-years 169\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow-value health: choosing wisely 171\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwelve questions to ask about a health economic evaluation 172\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion 176\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 176\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research) 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is qualitative research? 179\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSummarising and synthesising qualitative research 183\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNine questions to ask about a qualitative research paper 184\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 192\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 192\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Papers that report questionnaire research 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rise and rise of questionnaire research 195\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper describing a questionnaire study 196\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 205\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 206\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Papers that report quality improvement case studies 208\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat are quality improvement studies and how should we research them? 208\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper describing a quality improvement initiative 210\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion 217\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 217\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Papers that describe genetic association studies 220\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three eras of human genetic studies (so far) 220\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is a genome-wide association study? 222\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinical applications of genome-wide association studies 225\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDirect- to- consumer genetic testing 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMendelian randomisation studies 227\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpigenetics: a space to watch 228\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a genetic association study 230\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 234\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Applying evidence with patients 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patient perspective 237\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatient- reported outcome measures 239\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShared decision- making 240\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOption grids 243\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e-of-1 trials and other individualised approaches 244\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 246\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContents xi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Papers on artificial intelligence in healthcare 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntroduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArtificial intelligence 251\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBig data 253\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMachine learning 254\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenerative artificial intelligence: large language and multimodal models 254\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical principles for the use of artificial intelligence for health 255\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppraising artificial intelligence papers: a plethora of checklists 256\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper that reports AI studies in healthcare 260\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSummary 264\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 264\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 265\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 EBM+: the importance of mechanistic evidence 268\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat is mechanistic evidence? An example 268\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe many types of mechanistic evidence and a preliminary hierarchy 269\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEBM+ means ‘both and’, not ‘either or’ 270\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMechanistic evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic 272\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 275\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 Papers that report consensus exercises 278\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhy are consensus method papers important? 279\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow do experts choose and reach consensus on a specific topic? 279\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsensus methods 281\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTen questions to ask about a paper that reports a consensus statement 285\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 290\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 291\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Criticisms of evidence-based healthcare 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat’s wrong with evidence-based healthcare when it’s done badly? 293\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat’s wrong with evidence-based healthcare when it’s done well? 296\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhy is ‘evidence-based policymaking’ so hard to achieve? 299\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExercises based on this chapter 301\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences 301\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Checklists for finding, appraising and implementing evidence 304\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Assessing the effects of an intervention 316\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex 317\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cb\u003eBOOKREAD™ 5-STEP SATISFACTION GUARANTEE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. No Risk, 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee. \u003cbr\u003e2. instant download. No surprises or hidden fees.\u003cbr\u003e3. Safe Payments via Credit\/Debit Card or PayPal® \u003cbr\u003e4. McAfee™ and SSL secured shopping cart.\u003cbr\u003e5. lifetime customer support.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"PDF","offer_id":56778121150795,"sku":null,"price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1031\/1204\/8971\/files\/71Ikwpn628L._SL1500.jpg?v=1773316431","url":"https:\/\/bookread.io\/products\/how-to-read-a-paper-the-basics-of-evidence-based-healthcare","provider":"bookread","version":"1.0","type":"link"}