{"product_id":"molecular-basis-of-oxidative-stress-chemistry-toxicology-disease-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-therapeutics-2nd-edition","title":"Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress: Chemistry, Toxicology, Disease Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics 2nd Edition","description":"\u003cdiv data-cel-widget=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-id=\"7y9w7h-rgk3d4-2xixgp-6jetc1\" data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row=\"false\" data-csa-c-asin=\"0993745598\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\" data-csa-c-content-id=\"bookDescription\" data-csa-c-type=\"widget\" data-feature-name=\"bookDescription\" class=\"celwidget\" id=\"bookDescription_feature_div\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-spacing-base a-expander-partial-collapse-container\" data-a-expander-collapsed-height=\"280\" data-a-expander-name=\"book_description_expander\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-bold\"\u003eIn-depth resource on mechanisms of oxidative stress and damage and the role of free radicals in disease, diagnosis, and therapeutics\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eMolecular Basis of Oxidative Stress\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is a comprehensive resource on the molecular and chemical bases of oxidative stress, providing insight on various diseases caused by oxidative stress (cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative) and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in disease pathogenesis along with in-depth knowledge about the mechanisms of oxidative stress and damage, free radical chemistry, and the role of free radicals in disease, diagnosis, and therapeutics.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThoroughly updated and expanded to reflect advances in the years since its original publication, the Second Edition includes new chapters covering topics like oxidative stress mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies in the management and treatment of diseases. The disease section features 10 new emerging diseases, including kidney and eye diseases and COPD.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis Second Edition also covers developments in the field in the last several years, such as an increase in mortality rate from air pollution and obstructive pulmonary diseases in which exogenous oxidants are initiators.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWritten by a team of highly qualified academics, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eMolecular Basis of Oxidative Stress\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e discusses sample topics including:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"a-unordered-list a-vertical\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eClassification, physico-chemical properties, sources, and detection of reactive species and etiology of COPD from cigarette smoke and pollution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOxidative, reductive and indirect non-redox modifications of key biomolecular systems such as lipids, proteins, and DNA by reactive species\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGene expression of antioxidant defense enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant activation of NOX and cell signaling\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-list-item\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBiomarkers of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and emerging fields inbiomarker discovery such as cysteinylated albumin and nitroalkene fatty acids\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eImparting strong foundational knowledge of redox chemistry, chemistry of oxidative damage and mechanisms of oxidative stress, and oxidative stress-mediated disease pathogenesis, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"a-text-italic\"\u003eMolecular Basis of Oxidative Stress\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis an essential reference for both novice and advanced toxicologists, biochemists, and pharmacologists, along with clinical and medical scientists in various fields such as oncology, cardiovascular, andneuroscience.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-csa-c-id=\"e48qwb-36wm3s-vb6e8j-pnxs9b\" data-cel-widget=\"aplus-module-12\" class=\"celwidget aplus-module module-12 aplus-standard\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"aplus-module-wrapper apm-spacing apm-floatnone apm-fixed-width\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"apm-sidemodule aplus-module-content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"apm-sidemodule aplus-module-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"aboutauthors-section\" class=\"aboutauthors-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"section-title collapsed\"\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content collapsed\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrederick A. Villamena,\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePhD, is an Associate Professor of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology at The Ohio State University, College of Medicine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHenry Jay Forman,\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePhD, is both Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the University of California, Merced and Research Professor Emeritus of Gerontology at the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"permissions-section\" class=\"permissions-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"section-title collapsed\"\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"tableofcontents-section\" class=\"tableofcontents-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"page-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-toggle=\"collapse\" class=\"section-title collapsed\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"section-content collapsed\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xxi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface to Second Edition xxix\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface First Edition xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Chemistry of Reactive Species 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrederick A. Villamena\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1 Redox Chemistry, 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2 Classification of Reactive Species, 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3 Reactive Oxygen Species, 4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4 Reactive Nitrogen Species, 15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5 Reactive Sulfur and Chlorine Species, 18\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.6 Reactivity, 23\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7 Origins of Reactive Species, 27\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.8 Methods of Detection, 32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Lipid Peroxidation and Nitration 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eSean S. Davies and Lilu Guo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.1 Peroxidation of PUFAs, 49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Cyclic Endoperoxides and Their Products, 52\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Fragmented Products of Lipid Peroxidation, 58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Epoxy Fatty Acids, 62\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5 Lipid Nitrosylation, 62\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Protein Posttranslational Modification 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames L. Hougland, Joseph Darling, and Susan Flynn\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1 Oxidative Stress-Related PTMs: Oxidation Reactions, 71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 Amino Acid Modification by Oxidation-Produced Electrophiles, 80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3 Detection of Oxidative-Stress Related PTMs, 81\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4 Role of PTMs in Cellular Redox Signaling, 84\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 DNA Oxidation 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDessalegn B. Nemera, Amy R. Jones, and Edward J. Merino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.1 The Context of Cellular DNA Oxidation, 93\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.2 Oxidation of Oligonucleotides, 94\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3 Examination of Specific Oxidative Lesions, 96\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Cellular Antioxidants and Phase 2 Proteins 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYunbo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.1 Definitions, 113\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.2 Roles in Oxidative Stress, 113\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.3 Molecular Regulation, 117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.4 Induction in Chemoprevention, 119\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.5 Inactivation, 119\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions and Perspectives, 121\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Mitochondrial Dysfunction 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYeong-Renn Chen and Chwen-Lin Chen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.1 Mitochondria and Submitochondrial Particles, 129\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.2 Energy Transduction, 131\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.3 Mitochondrial Stress, 132\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.4 Superoxide Anion Radical Generation as Mediated by ΔPH, Δψ, ETC, and Disease Pathogenesis, 133\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 NADPH Oxidases: Structure and Function 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark T. Quinn\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction, 147\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.2 Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase Structure, 147\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.3 Phagocyte ROS Production, 152\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.4 Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase Function, 155\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.5 Nonphagocyte NADPH Oxidase Structure, 156\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.6 Nonphagocyte ROS Production, 161\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.7 Functions of Nonphagocyte NADPH Oxidases, 162\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cell Signaling and Transcription 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eImran Rehmani, Fange Liu, and Aimin Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.1 Common Mechanisms of Redox Signaling, 189\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2 Redox and Oxygen-Sensitive Transcription Factors in Prokaryotes, 191\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.4 Oxygen Sensing in Metazoans, 200\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.5 Medical Significance of Redox and Oxygen-Sensing Pathways, 204\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in Carcinogenesis 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRodrigo Franco, Aracely Garcia-Garcia, Thomas B. Kryston, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis, and Aglaia Pappa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.1 Redox Environment and Cancer, 213\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.2 Oxidative Modifications to Biomolecules and Carcinogenesis, 217\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.3 Measurement of Oxidative DNA Damage in Human Cancer, 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.4 Epigenetic Involvement in Oxidative Stress-Induced Carcinogenesis, 223\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.5 Deregulation of Cell Death Pathways by Oxidative Stress in Cancer Progression, 226\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Neurodegeneration from Drugs and Aging-Derived Free Radicals 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnnmarie Ramkissoon, Aaron M. Shapiro, Margaret M. Loniewska, and Peter G. Wells\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.1 ROS Formation, 247\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.2 Protection against ROS, 273\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.3 Nrf2 Regulation of Protective Responses, 279\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMurugesan Velayutham and Jay L. Zweier\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.1 Oxygen in the Heart, 321\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2 Sources of ROS during Ischemia and Reperfusion, 322\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.3 Modulation of Substrates, Metabolites, and Cofactors during I-R, 326\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.4 ROS-Mediated Cellular Communication during I-R, 328\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.5 ROS and Cell Death during Ischemia and Reperfusion, 329\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.6 Potential Therapeutic Strategies, 330\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Atherosclerosis: Oxidation Hypothesis 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Dmitry Litvinov, Xueting Jiang, Zhaohui Yang, and Sampath Parthasarathy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.1 Lipid Peroxidation, 339\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.2 Oxidation Hypothesis of Atherosclerosis, 340\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.3 Animal Models of Atherosclerosis, 341\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.4 Aldehyde Generation from Peroxidized Lipids, 343\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Cystic Fibrosis 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNeal S. Gould and Brian J. Day\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.1 Lung Disease Characteristics in CF, 355\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.2 Role of CFTR in the Lung, 358\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.3 Oxidative Stress in the CFTR-Deficient Lung, 358\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.4 Antioxidant Therapies for CF, 361\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrew J. Ghio and Urmila Kodavanti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.1 Exposure to Cigarette Smoke, 369\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.2 Air Pollution Particles, 371\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3 Ozone, 374\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.4 Nitrogen and Sulfur Oxides, 374\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.5 Interaction between PM and Oxidant Gases, 375\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.6 Oxidative Stress and Mechanistic Pathways of Disease After Exposure to Air Pollutants, 375\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter J. Barnes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction, 381\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.2 Increased Oxidative Stress in COPD, 382\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3 Effects of Oxidative Stress in COPD, 384\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.4 Strategies for Reducing Oxidative Stress, 386\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusions 389\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Oxidative Stress in the Eye 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnnie K. Ryan, Wade W. Rich, Peter A. Jansen, Megan M. Allyn, Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly, and Matthew A. Reilly\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction, 395\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.2 The Cornea, 396\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.3 The Lens, 400\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.4 The Vitreous Humor, 403\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.5 The Retina and Optic Nerve, 404\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.6 Therapeutic Approaches to ROS Elevation in the Eye, 407\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.7 Conclusion, 408\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The Role of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAra Aboolian, Jordan Younes, Alejandra Romero, Jay C. Jha, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, and Jaroslawna Meister\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction, 417\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.2 Sources of Oxidative Stress in CKD, 419\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.3 Mechanisms by Which Oxidative Stress Contributes to CKD, 421\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.4 Interplay Between Oxidative Stress and Senescence in CKD, 423\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.5 Treatment Options for CKD, 423\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRukhsana Sultana, Giovanna Cenini, and D. Allan Butterfield\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction, 437\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.2 Biomarkers of Protein Oxidation\/Nitration, 439\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.3 Biomarkers of Lipid Peroxidation, 441\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.4 Biomarkers of Carbohydrate Oxidation, 444\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.5 Biomarkers of Nucleic Acid Oxidation, 445\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Cysteinylated Albumin as Oxidative Stress Biomarker and Therapeutic Target 455\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlessandra Altomare, Giulio Vistoli, Cristina Banfi, and Giancarlo Aldini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction, 455\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.2 Cellular and Extracellular Thiols Distribution, 455\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.3 HSA and CYS34, 456\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.4 CYS34 Reactivity and Reactions, 458\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.5 CYS34 Oxidized Forms in Physio-Pathological Conditions, 460\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.6 Endogenous Regulation of Intracellular and Extracellular Thiol-Redox Homeostasis, 462\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.7 Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies for Reversing Mercaptalbumin from the Oxidized Forms, 462\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.8 Conclusion, 464\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Nitroalkene Fatty Acids: Formation, Metabolism, Reactivity, and Signaling 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMartina Steglich, Martín Sosa, Francisco J. Schopfer, and Lucía Turell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction, 469\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.2 Diet and Fatty Acids, 469\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.3 Nitroalkene Fatty Acids in Vivo Formation, 470\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.4 Metabolism and Distribution, 471\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.5 Reactivity of Nitroalkene Fatty Acids, 472\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.6 Nitroalkylation as A Protein Post-Translational Modification, 473\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.7 Nitrooleic Acid and Disease, 475\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.8 Concluding Remarks, 477\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Synthetic Antioxidants 483\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGrégory Durand\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.1 Endogenous Enzymatic System of Defense, 483\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.2 Metal-Based Synthetic Antioxidants, 484\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.3 Nonmetal-Based Antioxidants, 488\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4 Nitrones, 495\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences, 504\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex 513\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"apm-sidemodule aplus-module-content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"apm-sidemodule aplus-module-content\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"a-section a-spacing-small a-padding-base\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cb\u003eBOOKREAD™ 5-STEP SATISFACTION GUARANTEE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. No Risk, 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee. \u003cbr\u003e2. instant download. 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